Thursday, December 27, 2012
Web Technology: Two-way satellite-only communication: Portable sat...
Web Technology: Two-way satellite-only communication: Portable sat...: Two-way satellite Internet service involves both sending and receiving data from a remote very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT), a two-way sat...
Two-way satellite-only communication: Portable satellite Internet modem
Two-way satellite Internet service involves both sending and receiving data from a remote very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT), a two-way satellite ground station or a stabilized maritime VSAT antenna with a dish antenna that is smaller than three meters; via satellite to a hub telecommunications port (teleport), a satellite ground station with multiple parabolic antennas (i.e., an antenna farm) that functions as a hub connecting a satellite or geocentric orbital network with a terrestrial telecommunications network. It will then relay data via the terrestrial Internet.
The satellite dish at each location must be precisely pointed to avoid interference with other satellites. The two way satellite market can be divided into those systems that support professional applications, such as banking, retail, etc., and those built to provide home or small business users with access. The key difference between these systems can be seen in their ability to support advanced quality of service controls. While systems for professional such as those from VT iDirect (“iDirect”), a Herndon, Virginia based company that develops satellite-based IP communications technology, will allow the operator to define and meet strict service level agreements (”SLA”), a part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined--those used for consumer access provide a ‘best effort’ service level.
Some providers oblige the customer to pay for a member of the provider’s staff to install the system and correctly align the dish--although the European ASTRA2Connect system (now “SES Broadband”), a two-way satellite broadband Internet service available across Europe, which launched in March 2007, and uses the Astra series of geostationary satellites, encourages user-installation and provides detailed instructions for this. Many customers in the Middle East and Africa are also encouraged to self installs. At each VSAT site, the uplink frequency bit rate and power must be accurately set, under control of the service provider hub, example connection Magellano Internet Satellitare KaSat.
These are the several types of two-way satellite Internet access, including: time division multiple access (TDMA), a channel access method for shared medium networks; and single channel per carrier (SCPC), referring to using a single signal at a given frequency and bandwidth.
Two-way systems can be simple VSAT terminals with a 60-100 cm dish and output power of only a few watts intended for consumers and small business or larger systems which provide more bandwidth. Such systems are frequently marketed as “satellite broadband” and can cost two to three times as much per month as land-based systems such as ADSL (“Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line”), a type of digital subscriber line technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide.
The satellite modems, or modems used to establish data transfers using a communications satellite as a relay, required for this service are often proprietary, but some are compatible with several different providers. They are also expensive, consisting in the range of US $ 600 to US $ 2000.
The portable satellite Internet modem usually comes in the shape of a self-contained flat rectangular box that needs to be pointed in the general direction of the satellite--unlike VSAT the alignment need not be very precise and the modems have built in signal strength to help the user align the device properly.
The modems have commonly used connectors such as Ethernet, a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs), or Universal Serial Bus (USB), an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices. Some also has an integrated Bluetooth transceiver, a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400-2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security, and double as a satellite phone. The modems also tend to have their own batteries so they can be connected to a laptop computer (a personal computer for mobile use) without draining its battery.
The most common in such system is INMARSAT plc’s (a British satellite telecommunications company, offering global, mobile services) BGAN (“Broadband Global Area Network”), a global Satellite Internet Network with telephony using portable terminals--these terminals are about the size of a briefcase, a narrow box-shaped bag or case used mainly for carrying papers and other documents and equipped with a handle, and have near-symmetric connection speeds of around 350-500 kbit/s. Smaller modems exist like those offered by Thuraya (from the Arabic name Thurayya meaning Star), an international mobile satellite services provider that delivers communications solutions in more than 140 countries across Europe, the Middle East, north central and East Africa, Asia and Australia, but only connect at 444 kbit/s in a limited coverage areas.
Using such a modem is extremely expensive--bandwidth costs between $5 and $7 per megabyte (abbreviated as “Mbyte” or “MB”--a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage or transmission with three different values depending on context: 1 048 576 bytes (220) generally for computer memory; and one million bytes (106, see prefix mega-) generally for computer storage). The modern themselves are also expensive, usually costing between $1,000 and $5,000.
See: Two-way satellite-only communication: Bandwidth
The satellite dish at each location must be precisely pointed to avoid interference with other satellites. The two way satellite market can be divided into those systems that support professional applications, such as banking, retail, etc., and those built to provide home or small business users with access. The key difference between these systems can be seen in their ability to support advanced quality of service controls. While systems for professional such as those from VT iDirect (“iDirect”), a Herndon, Virginia based company that develops satellite-based IP communications technology, will allow the operator to define and meet strict service level agreements (”SLA”), a part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined--those used for consumer access provide a ‘best effort’ service level.
Some providers oblige the customer to pay for a member of the provider’s staff to install the system and correctly align the dish--although the European ASTRA2Connect system (now “SES Broadband”), a two-way satellite broadband Internet service available across Europe, which launched in March 2007, and uses the Astra series of geostationary satellites, encourages user-installation and provides detailed instructions for this. Many customers in the Middle East and Africa are also encouraged to self installs. At each VSAT site, the uplink frequency bit rate and power must be accurately set, under control of the service provider hub, example connection Magellano Internet Satellitare KaSat.
These are the several types of two-way satellite Internet access, including: time division multiple access (TDMA), a channel access method for shared medium networks; and single channel per carrier (SCPC), referring to using a single signal at a given frequency and bandwidth.
Two-way systems can be simple VSAT terminals with a 60-100 cm dish and output power of only a few watts intended for consumers and small business or larger systems which provide more bandwidth. Such systems are frequently marketed as “satellite broadband” and can cost two to three times as much per month as land-based systems such as ADSL (“Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line”), a type of digital subscriber line technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide.
The satellite modems, or modems used to establish data transfers using a communications satellite as a relay, required for this service are often proprietary, but some are compatible with several different providers. They are also expensive, consisting in the range of US $ 600 to US $ 2000.
The portable satellite Internet modem usually comes in the shape of a self-contained flat rectangular box that needs to be pointed in the general direction of the satellite--unlike VSAT the alignment need not be very precise and the modems have built in signal strength to help the user align the device properly.
The modems have commonly used connectors such as Ethernet, a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs), or Universal Serial Bus (USB), an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices. Some also has an integrated Bluetooth transceiver, a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400-2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security, and double as a satellite phone. The modems also tend to have their own batteries so they can be connected to a laptop computer (a personal computer for mobile use) without draining its battery.
The most common in such system is INMARSAT plc’s (a British satellite telecommunications company, offering global, mobile services) BGAN (“Broadband Global Area Network”), a global Satellite Internet Network with telephony using portable terminals--these terminals are about the size of a briefcase, a narrow box-shaped bag or case used mainly for carrying papers and other documents and equipped with a handle, and have near-symmetric connection speeds of around 350-500 kbit/s. Smaller modems exist like those offered by Thuraya (from the Arabic name Thurayya meaning Star), an international mobile satellite services provider that delivers communications solutions in more than 140 countries across Europe, the Middle East, north central and East Africa, Asia and Australia, but only connect at 444 kbit/s in a limited coverage areas.
Using such a modem is extremely expensive--bandwidth costs between $5 and $7 per megabyte (abbreviated as “Mbyte” or “MB”--a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage or transmission with three different values depending on context: 1 048 576 bytes (220) generally for computer memory; and one million bytes (106, see prefix mega-) generally for computer storage). The modern themselves are also expensive, usually costing between $1,000 and $5,000.
See: Two-way satellite-only communication: Bandwidth
Thursday, November 15, 2012
Classification of social media
Social media technologies take on many different forms including: magazines; Internet forums, or message boards, online discussion sites where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages; weblogs (“blogs”), discussion or informational sites published in the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries (“posts”) typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first); social blogs/microblogging, a broadcast medium in the form of blogging; wikis, or websites which allow its users to add, modify, or delete their content via a web browser usually using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor; social networks, online services, platforms, or sites that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections; podcasts, type of digital media consisting of an episodic series of audio, video, PDF, or ePub files subscribed to and downloaded through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile device; photographs or pictures; video; rating and social bookmarking service, a centralized online service which enables users to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents.
By applying a set of theories in the field of media research (social presence, media richness) and social processes (self-presentation, self-disclosure) Kaplan and Haenlein created a classification scheme in their Business Horizons (2010) article, with six different types of social media: collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs (for example, Twitter), content communities (for example, YouTube, a video-sharing website, created by three former PayPal employees in february 2005 on which users can upload, view and share videos), social networking sites (for example, Facebook), virtual game worlds (e.g., World of Warcraft (often abbreviated as WoW), a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) by Blizzard Entertainment), and virtual social worlds (e.g. Second Life, an online world developed by linden Lab).
Technologies include: blogs; picture-sharing; vlogs (video blogs), a form of blog for which the medium is video, and is a form of Web television; wall-postings; email; instant messaging (IM), a form of communication over the Internet, that offers quick transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver; music sharing; crowdsourcing, a process that involves outsourcing tasks to a distributed group of people; and voice over IP (Internet Protocol), or VOIP, commonly refers to the communication protocols, technologies, methodologies, and transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet; to name a few.
Many of these social media services can be integrated via social network aggregation, platforms--the process of collecting content from multiple social network services, such as MySpace, Bebo or Facebook.
See: Military Science on a Military Organization - By: Jose Diaz
By applying a set of theories in the field of media research (social presence, media richness) and social processes (self-presentation, self-disclosure) Kaplan and Haenlein created a classification scheme in their Business Horizons (2010) article, with six different types of social media: collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs (for example, Twitter), content communities (for example, YouTube, a video-sharing website, created by three former PayPal employees in february 2005 on which users can upload, view and share videos), social networking sites (for example, Facebook), virtual game worlds (e.g., World of Warcraft (often abbreviated as WoW), a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) by Blizzard Entertainment), and virtual social worlds (e.g. Second Life, an online world developed by linden Lab).
Technologies include: blogs; picture-sharing; vlogs (video blogs), a form of blog for which the medium is video, and is a form of Web television; wall-postings; email; instant messaging (IM), a form of communication over the Internet, that offers quick transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver; music sharing; crowdsourcing, a process that involves outsourcing tasks to a distributed group of people; and voice over IP (Internet Protocol), or VOIP, commonly refers to the communication protocols, technologies, methodologies, and transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet; to name a few.
Many of these social media services can be integrated via social network aggregation, platforms--the process of collecting content from multiple social network services, such as MySpace, Bebo or Facebook.
See: Military Science on a Military Organization - By: Jose Diaz
Wednesday, October 10, 2012
New Web Platform Docs to offer support for web development
As the improvements in the web industry move at an almost unfathomable pace, experts are looking for ways to create avenues for web developers to acquaint with the changing standards in the industry, as well as to keep up with the emerging technologies, like new HTML 5 standards.
The World Wide Web Consortium, more popularly known as the W3C, recently launched the Web Platform Docs, a new website which contains a number of tutorials and relevant documents for developers to get a hang off the changing web standards.
W3C hopes to market the Web Platform Docs as the top-platform for those who are looking for a one-stop how-to-site where people can learn more about technologies transforming the cybersphere. The instructional website also aims to consolidate efforts from different parties to create a neutral platform for reliable resources.
According to W3C’s Head of Marketing and Communications Ian Jacobs, the website has already received support from tech giants like Nokia, Opera, Mozilla, Google, and Facebook. Jacob’s say the Web Platform Docs is the consortium’s “biggest scale effort for documentation.”
Aside from informative materials, the online platform will include forums, chat services, and discussion boards where web developers and web users can provide feedback, ask questions, and make recommendations. Those who write the Web standards can now be in contact with those who use them.
W3C is hopeful community input will drive the platform’s growth and eventual success. Experts liken the task of bringing together web application developers in an online fora where other small-time developers can participate in learning about the Web standards, to something like Wikipedia, where users can freely edit the space and take part in the broadening of the applications.
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Monday, October 1, 2012
What is social media? by John Diaz
Social media employ web- and mobile-based technologies to support interactive dialogue and “introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between organizations, communities, and individuals.”
Andreas Kaplan, Professor of Marketing at the ESCP Europe Business School (Paris campus), and Michael Haenlein define social media as “a group of Internet-based applications that build in the ideological multi faceted and technological foundations of Web 2.0 (a concept that takes the network as a platform for information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the Internet or World Web), and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content (UGC, covering a range of media content available in a range of modern communications technologies).” That is, social media are social software applications, which include communication tools and interactive tools often based on Internet, which mediate human communication.
When technologies are in place, social media is ubiquitously accessible, and enabled by scalable communication techniques. In the year 2012, social media became one of the most powerful sources for news updates through platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
Social media technologies rake in many different forms including: magazines; Internet forums, or “message board,” an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form, of posted messages; weblogs, also known as “blog,” its portmanteau, a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries (“posts”) typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first); social blogs, and microblogging, a broadcast medium in the form of blogging; wikis, a broadcast medium in the form of blogging a website which allows its users to add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser usually a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor; social networks, a social structure made up of set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) and the dyadic ties between these actors; podcasts, a type of digital media consisting of an episodic series of audio, video, PDF, or ePub files subscribed to and downloaded through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile device; photographs or pictures; video; rating; and social bookmarking, a method for Internet users to organize, store, manage and search for bookmarks of resources online. Kietzmann et al. present a social Media Honeycomb that defines how these social media differ according to the extranet to which they focus on some of all of seven functional building blocks: identify, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups.
See: Teleports: Terrestrial Backhauling
Andreas Kaplan, Professor of Marketing at the ESCP Europe Business School (Paris campus), and Michael Haenlein define social media as “a group of Internet-based applications that build in the ideological multi faceted and technological foundations of Web 2.0 (a concept that takes the network as a platform for information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the Internet or World Web), and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content (UGC, covering a range of media content available in a range of modern communications technologies).” That is, social media are social software applications, which include communication tools and interactive tools often based on Internet, which mediate human communication.
When technologies are in place, social media is ubiquitously accessible, and enabled by scalable communication techniques. In the year 2012, social media became one of the most powerful sources for news updates through platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
Social media technologies rake in many different forms including: magazines; Internet forums, or “message board,” an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form, of posted messages; weblogs, also known as “blog,” its portmanteau, a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries (“posts”) typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first); social blogs, and microblogging, a broadcast medium in the form of blogging; wikis, a broadcast medium in the form of blogging a website which allows its users to add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser usually a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor; social networks, a social structure made up of set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) and the dyadic ties between these actors; podcasts, a type of digital media consisting of an episodic series of audio, video, PDF, or ePub files subscribed to and downloaded through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile device; photographs or pictures; video; rating; and social bookmarking, a method for Internet users to organize, store, manage and search for bookmarks of resources online. Kietzmann et al. present a social Media Honeycomb that defines how these social media differ according to the extranet to which they focus on some of all of seven functional building blocks: identify, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups.
See: Teleports: Terrestrial Backhauling
Wednesday, September 19, 2012
Information on the web gradually being erased
The rise of social media has made possible the transmission of information at a fast pace. Online platforms has allowed us to share vital information, and even extremely personal experiences, at a click of a button. We link. We connect. We Tweet. We post statuses.
However, a recent study by a pair of researchers in Virginia revealed that many of the links shared, especially in Twitter, are gradually being lost and replaced by new information. After scouring through the data, and looking for the original source of links being shared online, the researchers discovered that an alarming 30% of the useful links have vanished in just two and a half years.
The report did not make it clear how or why the information shared online have disappeared. Some of the explanations suggest that the websites may have simply moved to a new address, or the blogs have been closed down, a few web pages turning inactive.
However, many web technology experts argue that the resources being shared online, especially those with significant historical and societal impacts like what happened in the Arab Spring revolution, are valuable in understanding the timeline of world events.
Many are already proposing national libraries across the globe to store copies of webpages in a digital archive.
Unfortunately, gleaning data is especially difficult. Twitter’s search engine does not display an easy way to navigate through old tweets, especially those over two weeks old. Only on special cases can social data actually be shared to individuals (e.g. Andy Carvin of the NPR who is writing a book about how the Arap Spring transpired).
Data in cybersphere is decaying at a fast pace. Many of this information are crucial for having recorded pivotal moments in history. How the loss of this data will impact society in the next few year is yet to be seen. Nevertheless, the seemingly ephemeral quality of our online data are already alarming web experts, historians, researchers, and government officials.
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